The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights - 1489 Words

All around the world, basic human rights, as outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, are being violated. As Thomas Pogge argues, these violations contribute to the rise of poverty in multiple nations. The global rate of death caused by poverty is astounding, â€Å"†¦360 million human beings have died prematurely from poverty related causes, with some 18 million more added each year†, and unfortunately these figures are substantially larger than the death count of many wars (Pogge, p.50). The concept of globalization should, in theory, propose solutions to this depressing yet preventable issue. However, due to the power of corporations and the lack of incentive for affluent citizens to change their own spending habits, it only leads to a vicious cycle masked by solutions that end up propagating human rights violations. Globalization grew at an alarming pace after the fall of the Soviet Union when the USA was left in a position of dominance, allowing them to invest in â€Å"economic prosperity† in several nations. With the introduction of deregulated global free trade, the shift to capitalism with an individualist mentality, and a technological revolution that transformed our social spaces and boundaries, a â€Å"farther, faster, cheaper, deeper† (Antonio, p. 70) mindset now guided decisions about the environment, culture, economy, political system, and most importantly, the well-being of global citizens. America currently maintains the hegemony and the alliancesShow MoreRelatedThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1728 Words   |  7 Pagespeople. Culture can impede progress and leave women, minorities and other sub-sects of a society without the basic human rights that they deserve. Clinging too close to culture can be dangerous. The Foundations of a Universal Declaration The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was drafted shortly after the United Nations was established in 1945. The aim of the Declaration was to ensure that an atrocity such as the mass killings of Jews and other minorities in Nazi Germany would never happenRead MoreThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights1131 Words   |  5 PagesHuman rights are moral principles that set out specific standards of human behavior, and are normally ensured as lawful rights in both national and global law. They are acknowledged to be inalienable, since anybody is characteristically qualified for it essentially on the grounds that they are individuals. Whatever our nationality, sex, shade, religion, dialect, or ethnic source is, we are all just as qualified for our rights without separation or discrimination. All human rights are resolute andRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pages The Universal Declaration of Human rights was adopted in the UN gene ral assembly by the 10th December 1948. This is the first time that the world recognized that everyone had the right to enjoy freedom of speech, freedom of religion and freedom from fear and want, and many other rights. International human rights come along way; before there was no rights. The idea of having rights that led to the development of international human rights takes time. There are benchmarks developments in internationalRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesA human right is an ethical choice and moral belief belonging to all humans regardless of traits, status, location, color, gender, or belief system. Making the connection to a universal law, the United Nations Rights High Commissioner explains these rights are, â€Å"guaranteed by law† and protected as â€Å"fundamental freedoms† (OHCHR, 2016). The Cambridge Dictionary defines privilege as â€Å"an advantage that only one person or group of people has† listing examples such as having a high social position or wealthRead MoreUniversal Declaration Of Human Rights1263 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a doctrine created to ensure a mutual standard of treatment amongst all humans, every person deserves an equal set of life standards. According to Article 18 of this 30 Article document, â€Å"everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teachingRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1417 Words   |  6 PagesImplemented in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) delineates the basic rights and freedoms entitled to all humans. The freedom of speech and the right to express beliefs freely is a universal human right protected by Article 19 of the UDHR. It declares that â€Å"everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression† and can â€Å"hold opinions without interference†. The regional agreements of Iran, China and Bahrain are in accordance with the Universal Declaration and are fully dedicatedRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights892 Words   |  4 PagesHuman rigths is an essential component of a tolerant and individually satisfied society. They are created to defend people’s dignity, equality and liberty. However, for thousands of years people lived with no garanteed rights, until 1948, when United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. But is the Universal Declaration of Human Rigths really universal to all states and humans living in them? I am going to argue if Human Rights should or should not be unically adapted to differentRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights875 Words   |  4 PagesI feel that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) does have a western bias. Many people look to US for guidance, but not many other nations copy our way of life. States can sign treaties, but they cannot be reassured that the other nation will keep its word. The US and the UN should maybe not be engaging in promoting western society, but they should be engaging in promoting the protection of human rights. The UN UDHR fought for minimal rights in 1948 by identifying three types of generationsRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1485 Words   |  6 Pages1003236982 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states â€Å"that human rights are held by all persons equally and universally forever† –hence, they are universal held. This is due to them being the exact same for all human beings anywhere in the world. One cannot acquire human rights because of where they come from, but because they are a member of the human race. Nobody can lose those human rights, nor can they be taken away for whatever the reason may be. Together, we have the right to express ourselvesRead MoreThe Declaration Of Universal Human Rights869 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral Assembly (UNGA) set forth a declaration of universal human rights. The goal was to set a common standard of rights based on â€Å"recognition of the inherent dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family.† It was meant to become the perfect social contract but unfortunately was not upheld even by the signatory nations themselves. Many critics now looking b ack have cited the overreaching ideals as the downfall of the declaration but yet many have responded saying it

The Internal State of Ethical Behavior Essay - 1278 Words

From birth, we are taught important values that help us to develop into good citizens. Some individuals are raised in religious organization’s instilling good moral values into them. Some people are raised in a manner to treat others with respect, so-on and so-forth, but not everyone in this world shares the same moral values, which breaks the integrity of the individuals ethical behavioral code or pattern. In the Bible at Proverbs 13:20, it says â€Å"The one walking with the wise will become wise, the one who has dealings with the stupid will fare badly.† (NWT Bible) Why is this? Doe’s it even matter about upbringing, and how they will fare in extreme ethical decisions? My theory, that the ones you associate with on a daily basis,†¦show more content†¦The breaking of ones integrity at the feat of someone believed to be superior, authoritative. The setup of the experiment: Two people go to a psychology laboratory to take part in a memory and learning e xercise. One person is the â€Å"teacher†, and the other, the â€Å"student†. The student sits in a electrified chair with straps, and will be shocked each time they answer wrong. The voltage goes from 45-volts to 450-volts. The people chosen were normal, outstanding citizens, and had no problems with doing the test in the beginning. A shock at 45-volts to 100-volts was fine for most. The test subjects had no problem with inflicting a little bit of pain on each other. Things changed, when the â€Å"student† would start to miss more and more questions and end up with higher voltage shocks. It started to bother the conscience of the â€Å"teacher† when they began to hear the screams of the â€Å"student†. Some teachers refused to go any further, but one shocking test subject, out of fear went all the way up to 450-volts. What’s interesting is that the â€Å"teacher† argued with the trainer that was giving the questions for the â€Å"student†. The â€Å"teacher† argued that he didn’t want to hurt the guy (student) anymore, that he was screaming in agony, he was hurting, that later turned into, he didn’t want to be responsible if anythi ng severe happened to the â€Å"student†. But, even after expressing that he wanted to stop, the â€Å"teacher† out of fear broke his moral standing and continued the experiment.Show MoreRelatedEthical Values And Ethics Within The Organization1028 Words   |  5 Pages the effectiveness of internal control becomes paramount to success. Establishing an effective â€Å"tone at the top† of an organization is key to achieving optimal performance and integrity of financial reporting. The actions and behaviors of management must illustrate DU’s commitment to ethics and intolerance of deviant conduct. Thus, management is responsible for setting the appropriate example for the organization. This memo describes the importance of demonstrating ethical values and a culture ofRead MoreThe Ethical Framework Of Accounting897 Words   |  4 Pagesindustry standards, and compliance with laws and regulations. The ethics increase the responsibility and integrity of accou nting professionals, and public trust. The ethical requirements influence the management behavior and decision-making. The financial scandal of Enron and Arthur Anderson demonstrates the failure of fundamental ethical framework, such as off-balance sheet transactions, misrepresentation of financial statements, inaccurate disclosure, manipulations with earnings, etc. The confrontedRead MoreThe Lack of Training and the Unethical Behavior1500 Words   |  6 Pages-The Lack of Training and the Unethical Behavior In public administration, the main and the largest goal is to create public value in a form of transparency and trust between the public servants and the citizens. In order to achieve this targeted value, public administrator shall maintain ethical conduct throughout his decision-making and performance. Therefore, public officials are expected to develop reliable ethical competence. Understanding or judging ethics problems is a matter of subjectiveRead MoreEthical And Legal Perspectives, What Do You Feel Business? Learned From The Scrushy Situation?972 Words   |  4 PagesFrom ethical and legal perspectives, what do you feel business has learned from the Scrushy situation? Richard Scrushy defrauded, stakeholders, stockholders, and the community out of millions of dollars. His deceptive, unethical, and commanding behavior was the stone that caused the biggest misappropriation avalanche of all time. We must consider this question, how is corporate cheating happening and who is heading the deception? Behind every crime, there is a ringleader or a group of individualsRead MoreDisneys Strategic Initiative Paper1708 Words   |  7 Pagestalks about Disney’s role of ethic and compliance, procedures used to ensure ethical behavior, SEC regulations, financial performance, and the financial health. Role of Ethics and Compliance Disney has a tremendous amount of exposure to ethics and compliance criticism. Millions of consumers patronize the Disney Company, spending billions on the products and services the company offers. Possessing an ethical and compliant reputation is crucial to the Disney Company’s bottom line. TheRead MoreEthics and Compliance Paper Fin/3701357 Words   |  6 Pagesmake a positive impact on the world. Ethisphere Institute over the last six years has selected the World’s Most Ethical Companies and Starbucks has made the list every year. What are the key components that make Starbucks one of the most ethical companies in the world? Starbucks has developed the Standard of Business Conduct guide for their financial environment, as well as the behavior of their employees. Starbucks uses strict regulations and a variety of audits to ensure their accountability. StarbucksRead MoreKey Factors That Affect Organizational Functions And Require Change952 Words   |  4 Pa gesorganizations must make the transition from its current state to some desired future state because change is inevitable. New markets, products and services, new production methods, technologies and social values affect the daily environment. Thus, adaptiveness, flexibility, and responsiveness are characteristics that enable organizations to meet the competitive challenges businesses face, today. Nelson Quick share in Organizational Behavior (2013), â€Å"the current environment demands excellence inRead MoreInternal And External Factors at AAM1189 Words   |  5 PagesAAM Internal/External Factors American Axle Manufacturing (AAM) was formed in 1994. AAM is one of North Americas leading providers of drive train components for the SUV market. AAM is the largest provider of Driveline systems in the United States. AAM has five manufacturing plants in the United States as well as other plants located in Mexico, Brazil, and Scotland. AAM also has offices in Europe, Asia, and the Pacific. As a company of this size, corporate planning is a vital function to dealRead MoreThe Law For Global Business1014 Words   |  5 PagesEthic Issue Paper MBA511 Law for Global Business Instructor: Robert Richards Student: Yan Gao November 10 , 2014 â€Æ' I. Question: Do multi-national corporations (MNE s) have a social and ethical responsibility beyond the legal requirements of trying to maximize stockholder value (making profits), adhering to contracts, and obeying the laws of the different countries where they operate? The rapid development of economy promotes the development of multinational companies, which have becomeRead MoreEthics, Compliance Auditing, and Emerging Issues1682 Words   |  7 PagesEthics, Compliance Auditing, and Emerging Issues INTERNAL MEMO TO: John Doe CEO FROM: Glen Leonard RE: Ethics Program / Training /Compliance Auditing ------------------------------------------------- DATE: February 22, 2016 This memo serves as notice that we will soon initiate efforts to develop and implement an ethics program as well as the appropriate training and an effective way to monitor those plans. As you are aware, consumers and partners want

Organizations in a Global Environment for Toyota -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizations in a Global Environment for Toyota. Answer: Introduction Toyota is a reputed carmaker that focuses on innovation and possesses a humanitarian approach towards its employees. It is very confident about delivering best class products in the market. It has undergone a crisis when it had to recall almost eight thousand vehicles due to unwanted acceleration. It is envisioned that the innovators present in Toyota and its management will find out a way to bring the company of this short-timed catastrophe. According to Yves Morieux,structure comes first for a company. Strategy comes at the next level. All the employees reflect companys activities. There are high chances for any company to attain success if they maintain this process. E-Learning Activity 1: Corporate Culture of Toyota and the Problem of Spreading Its Culture Culture of an organization is a joint opinion that includes its employees and the core management group. A research shows even dimensions of Toyotas culture that are defined below: Taking risk and Innovation: Certainly, Toyota is world famous and a reputable being one of the most innovation oriented organizations as it puts innovative methods at every level of designing and processing its products. The Company took great risk by recalling eight million cars globally for accidental speeding up (Koren, Gu and Freiheit 2016). Attention in detailing: All the workers at Toyota are encouraged for paying utmost care to detail along with maintaining discipline while accomplishing their duties. Such organization cultural feature is suitably seen at Toyota. Oriented to Result: Toyota looks at providing the finest product and does not vacillate in recalling its vehicles that are runningglobally in case those vehicles are not in accordance with the standards set by the governments (Anitha and Begum 2016.). Oriented to People: Employees are utmost important for this car maker company. The humanitarian approach that the company possesses gets validated as it gave due credit throughout the organization for its achievements is remarkable. Team work: Toyotas management promotes team work by the means of offering owing recognition to employees throughout all ranks. Aggression: Indeed the Japanese carmaker is aggressive in doing business as it possesses self-trust for supplying the finest products from its establishment. Stability: The notable decision of Toyotas management for recalling almost eight million cars can definitely be a great challenge as the capital investment is at a risk. However,Toyota consists of strategic decision-makers who will definitely make sure that the lost strength of this reputed car maker gets restored as early as possible (Mukerjee 2015). The innovative attitude is implemented at every level of processing which is monitored by Toyota eventually results in accomplishing solid outcomes. Such a strategy can further be debated at this point in association to its use by the former photography giant Kodak Corporation. Kodak was unsuccessful in analyzing the imminent digital business in a strategic way. The inevitable cause for a huge company's failure was because of extreme complicated leading and management pyramid. Lack of recognition for open door policy as well as lack of strong communication between the employees and management was later noticed that lead to such a failure. Even thou Kodak was established on the robust innovative culture, as a result of unnecessary and gradual involvement of management, the opinion of remaining innovators were ignored. Therefore, it is crucial to realize the importance of innovators presenting a company no matter from which industry it belongs to. E-Learning Activity 2: Structure and Strategy Yves Morieuxhave claimedthat company has turned outto be the significant dimension of competitive advantage. This is because progressively an organizations strategy reflects in its employees professional activities. The standard unmistakable leveled staggering position for the most recent decade will be the cutoff of the relationship to best use the information of its family. The basic issue yet affiliation setup is by what means may we make a comprehension of the framework into the structures and approach and structures of the union (Galbraith 2014). In the relationship of technique we should not disregard that it works the other course around also. You know we tend to express that structure of take after system and it is troublesome. This is the supervise question at any rate, we should in like course survey of that technique takes after the relationship on the off chance that we are really surrounded. In the event that the union does not work respectably, it won't consider the correct structure (Thompson 2015). On the off chance that vertically there are an intemperate number of layers among operations and basic ace levels being top alliance, we won't have the ability to see the frail signs identifying with fuse openings and dangers, choices won't be right. Affiliations dependably move out of especially productive and respectable benchmarks like benefit or motivating force in the procedure for treating individuals sensibly. Regardless, what happens is that these key and respectable norms cement making staggering circles and do circles. This is the Doom float of affiliations and the premier driver is not the broad social affair not the goals yet rather the most ideal approach to manage direct apply them. Tolerating that more models will unendingly make control and you know it is not liberal. So in a general sense, the participation additionally picks the cutoff of the relationship to consider several systems and unmistakably, once we have the correct philosophy by what means may we understand it through our framework, what we are really searching for after in the Institute is to depict what the relationship unbounded will take after. It is not about futurology it; is the thing that it takes today to be alive tomorrow (Kono 2016). Following the strategy as explained by Yves Morieux, structure is considered as the subsequent phase and maximum businesses do not possess any solid strategy to create the structure except the organization is sure about what can be the general approach they should be following. This however is not at all times the situations in several companies do not keep the stratagem ready prior deciding on the arrangement. Therefore, such companies keeps an obvious objective regarding the process of distributing and arranging authority and command in different organizational stages. It guides to a great method of giving importance to the structure prior to strategy. At times, this method may backfire and the reason being the structure should be altered as soon as an alteration takes place in the strategy (Jayamaha et al. 2014). Conclusion Toyota is a well-established company and entertains a very robust culture. To be able to fight the crisis they undergone, they should focus on a simple leadership strategy and communicate with their employees all the time to sustain a healthy workplace. Also, they should keep their focus on innovation at every level to maintain its reputation. Succeeding strategy, structure can be taken as the very next phase and most of the businesses do not have any robust strategy for creating the structure apart from the firms definite about what can be the common tactic they should follow. References: Anitha, J. and Begum, F.N., 2016. Role of organisational culture and employee commitment in employee retention.ASBM Journal of Management,9(1), p.17. Galbraith, J.R., 2014.Designing organizations: Strategy, structure, and process at the business unit and enterprise levels. NY: John Wiley Sons. Jayamaha, N.P., Wagner, J.P., Grigg, N.P., Campbell-Allen, N.M. and Harvie, W., 2014. Testing a theoretical model underlying the Toyota Wayan empirical study involving a large global sample of Toyota facilities.International Journal of Production Research,52(14), pp.4332-4350. Kono, T., 2016.Strategy and structure of Japanese enterprises. London: Routledge. Koren, Y., Gu, X. and Freiheit, T., 2016. The impact of corporate culture on manufacturing system design.CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,65(1), pp.413-416. Mukerjee, K., 2013. Customer-oriented organizations: a framework for innovation.Journal of Business Strategy,34(3), pp.49-56. Thompson, A., 2015. Toyotas generic strategy and intensive growth strategies.Retrieved April,27, p.2016. YouTube. (2017).MIT's Spear Discusses Toyota's Corporate Culture: Video. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QCaKFPjfG7s [Accessed 22 Aug. 2017]. YouTube. (2017).Organization Design: BCG's Yves Morieux on organization and competitive advantage. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jm7d1dzOKmw [Accessed 22 Aug. 2017].

Sustainable Supply Chain Management Evolution And Future Directions

Question: Critically evaluate how a business can embed sustainability throughout its supply chain? Answer: Introduction Organizations are increasingly under pressure by non-governmental organizations to operate in a sustainable manner (Wolf, 2014). Examples include campaigns against Nestle (anti-deforestation), Nike (child labour), Apple (sweatshop labour) and Mattel (toxic materials) (Wolf, 2014). Pressure from stakeholders hold an organization accountable for its actions and decisions regarding its product design, sourcing, production and distribution (Wolf, 2014; Parmigiani, et al., 2011). On the other hand, as argued by Shrivastava (1995, cited in Carter and Rogers, 2008), sustainability has benefits beyond addressing stakeholder pressures, with the potential to reduce long-terms risks associated with fluctuations of energy prices, management of pollution and waste as well as product liabilities. Thus sustainability is not just a matter of being perceived as having good corporate social responsibility, but is also an essential pillar of smart management(Savitz Weber, 2006). As argued by Kevin OMarah (2007) in the Financial Times, supply chain management (SCM) has become the key to meeting the expectations of shareholders for strong profitability growth with minimum volatility, of regulators and the press for social and environmental responsibility, and of customers for delivering on promises made to them (Carter Rogers, 2008). Sustainability: Sustainable SCM (SSCM) is the strategic, transparent integration and achievement of an organizations social, environmental, and economic goals in the systemic coordination of key inter-organizational business processes for improving the long-term economic performance of the individual company and its supply chain. SSCM helps managers identify strategies for an organizations survival and success over long term horizons (e.g. up to 20 years and more)(Carter Easton, 2011). Carter and Rogers (2008) suggest that sustainability initiatives and SSCM in particular are a necessity for long-term organizational success (Carter Rogers, 2008; Carter Easton, 2011). It may be referred to as a holistic perspective of the process of supply chain as well as the technologies that goes beyond delivery, cost and inventory. The theory is based on the products and services that are socially responsible involving practices that are environment-friendly. There are many supply chain (SC) activities that permit an organization to simultaneously positively impact the environment and society as well as provide long-term economic benefits and competitive advantage to the organization (Carter Rogers, 2008). These sustainable activities can potentially result in benefits such as (Carter Rogers, 2008): Cost savings due to reduced packaging waste and the ability to design for reuse and disassembly. Reduced costs for health and safety, recruitment and employee turnover due to improved safety and working conditions. Reduced labour costs due to increased employee motivation and productivity and reduced absenteeism. Influence future government regulations, and thus potentially creating difficult to replicate competitive advantages, by proactively addressing environmental and social issues Reduced costs, shorter lead times and improved product quality associated with application of standards (such as ISO 14000) that provide a framework for environmental management systems Improved reputation with customers, suppliers, shareholders and potential employees. Organizations and businesses seeking to implement SSCM can examine their value chain for areas in which social and environmental initiatives could have the greatest economic impact (Carter Rogers, 2008; Porter Kramer, 2006), including in-bound and out-bound logistics (e.g. packaging, disposal, transportation impacts), operations issues (e.g. emissions, energy use, hazardous materials, worker safety and human rights) and after sales service (e.g. reverse logistics, including disposal and disposition). Support activities within the value chain can also be the targets of SSCM initiatives (e.g. relationships with educational institutes to develop qualified supply chain managers; asking suppliers to participate in initiatives; buying from and developing suppliers owned by racial minorities; joint planning with value chain partners to design for disassembly, reuse and recycling) (Carter Rogers, 2008). There are many examples of how an organization can apply and embed SSCM. Starbuck Coffees has partnered with farmers to grow high quality coffee in an ecologically sound manner, simultaneously stabilizing farmer wages and reducing purchasing cost by eliminating the middleman (Argenti, 2004, as cited in Carter Rogers, 2008). General Mills implemented a vertically integrated closed-loop SC to ensure a consistent supply of recycled material, simultaneously reducing the packaging for its products (Carter Rogers, 2008). Another example is Natura, a multinational of Brazilian origin operating in the cosmetics, toiletry and fragrance industry (Carvalho Barbieri, 2012). Natura drives sustainable innovation by engaging it suppliers to reduce negative social and environmental impacts throughout product lifecycles (Carvalho Barbieri, 2012). Natura adopted a supplier development strategy using outsourcing partnerships that reduces costs and environmental impacts by shortening transportation distances of products usually manufactured in Brazil; values important relationship concepts important to Natura, such as partnership and co-construction; and values organizations with local knowledge and good social and environmental practices(Carvalho Barbieri, 2012). Natura Ekos products, for example, use technologies that reduce environmental impacts throughout the SC; use renewable raw materials whose origin can be traced to sources such as organic farming and sustainable forestation; and prioritize refills and packaging made of renewable or recycled material (Carvalho Barbieri, 2012). Conclusion: Sustainable business aims at driving better values and bringing improvements at the same time. Sustainability in supply chain means reduced packaging as well as energy efficiency amidst all others. Organizations collaborate internally as well as externally and essentially all employees need to identify it and be supportive of the desired sustainable goals. It is equally vital for suppliers to know what is expected of them from the environmental standpoint. References BITC, 2009. How to: manage your supply chains responsibly, London: BITC. Carter, C. R. Easton, P. L., 2011. Sustainable supply chain management: evolution and future directions. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 41(1), pp. 46-62. Carter, C. R. Rogers, D. S., 2008. A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 38(5), pp. 360 - 387. Carvalho, A. P. d. Barbieri, J. C., 2012. Innovation and Sustainability in the Supply Chain of a Cosmetics Company: a Case Study. Journal of Technology Management Innovation, 7(2). Corbett, C. J. Klassen, R. D., 2006. Extending the horizons: Environmental excellence as key to improving operations. Manufacturing Service Operations Management, 8(11), p. 522. Hoffman, A. Bazerman, M., 2005. Changing environmental practice: understanding and overcoming the organizational and psychological barriers. Harvard Business School Working Paper, Issue 05-043. OMarah, K., 2007. Opinion: lessons from 25 supply chain leaders. Financial Times, 10 December. Parmigiani, A., Klassen, R. D. Russo, M. V., 2011. Efficiency meets accountability: Performance implications of supply chain configuration, control, and capabilities. Journal of Operations Management, 29(3), p. 212223.